[ Impact de l’aménagement du périmètre maraîcher de Agbanto sur la diversité de la faune culicidienne et la transmission du paludisme ]
Volume 25, Issue 2, July 2016, Pages 437–444
Anges Yadouleton1, Akadiri YESSOUFOU2, Ramziyath Agbanrin3, Azim BISSIROU4, Jacques Zola5, Falilath SANOUSSI6, Fabrice Ursins7, and Martin AKOGBETO8
1 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
2 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
3 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
4 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
5 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
6 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
7 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
8 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
Original language: French
Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background: Vegetable farming is developing fast in several cities in Benin. This study aims to assess the rapid expansion of this practice on the diversity of mosquito populations and malaria transmission in the Agbanto district, southern Benin. Methods: Firstly, socioeconomic data was collected by interviewing 100 vegetable farmers regarding the benefits obtained from the farming practices and possible disadvantages observed. Secondly, sampling of mosquitoes was conducted from June to December 2015 by Human Landing Catches (HLC) method in households at peri-urban areas close to the vegetable farms and in rural areas where there is no vegetable farming in order to investigate the differences in mosquito species and identify which of the species were responsible of malaria transmission. Finally, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monoclonal antibodies targeting the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), was used to estimate entomological parameters relative to malaria transmission. Results: This research showed that: 1)- The rapid development of urban agriculture is related to unemployment observed in cities, rural exodus and the search for a balanced diet by urban populations. This activity increases the farmers' household income and their living standard; 2)- During the six months sampling period, 24,449 mosquitoes were collected by HLC method, of which 26% (6,357/24,449) were Anopheles species. In the areas surveyed, the main malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum was transmitted by Anopheles gambiae s.s. Transmission was high during the two rainy seasons (June to July and October to November), but declined in the dry season (August to September); 3)- The Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIRs) and the Human Biting Rates (HBRs) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the dry season in the households from the peri-urban areas close to the vegetable farms than in the households from the rural areas where there is no vegetable farming. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in HBRs and EIRs between the two areas during the rainy seasons; Conclusion: This study showed the impact of vegetable farming activity in malaria transmission in the Agbanto district of southern Benin. Despite the advantages brought by this activity to urban populations, measure must be taken to decentralise this agriculture to rural cities.
Author Keywords: malaria, transmission, vegetable farming, Agbanto, Benin.
Volume 25, Issue 2, July 2016, Pages 437–444
Anges Yadouleton1, Akadiri YESSOUFOU2, Ramziyath Agbanrin3, Azim BISSIROU4, Jacques Zola5, Falilath SANOUSSI6, Fabrice Ursins7, and Martin AKOGBETO8
1 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
2 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
3 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
4 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
5 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
6 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
7 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
8 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
Original language: French
Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Vegetable farming is developing fast in several cities in Benin. This study aims to assess the rapid expansion of this practice on the diversity of mosquito populations and malaria transmission in the Agbanto district, southern Benin. Methods: Firstly, socioeconomic data was collected by interviewing 100 vegetable farmers regarding the benefits obtained from the farming practices and possible disadvantages observed. Secondly, sampling of mosquitoes was conducted from June to December 2015 by Human Landing Catches (HLC) method in households at peri-urban areas close to the vegetable farms and in rural areas where there is no vegetable farming in order to investigate the differences in mosquito species and identify which of the species were responsible of malaria transmission. Finally, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monoclonal antibodies targeting the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), was used to estimate entomological parameters relative to malaria transmission. Results: This research showed that: 1)- The rapid development of urban agriculture is related to unemployment observed in cities, rural exodus and the search for a balanced diet by urban populations. This activity increases the farmers' household income and their living standard; 2)- During the six months sampling period, 24,449 mosquitoes were collected by HLC method, of which 26% (6,357/24,449) were Anopheles species. In the areas surveyed, the main malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum was transmitted by Anopheles gambiae s.s. Transmission was high during the two rainy seasons (June to July and October to November), but declined in the dry season (August to September); 3)- The Entomological Inoculation Rates (EIRs) and the Human Biting Rates (HBRs) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the dry season in the households from the peri-urban areas close to the vegetable farms than in the households from the rural areas where there is no vegetable farming. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in HBRs and EIRs between the two areas during the rainy seasons; Conclusion: This study showed the impact of vegetable farming activity in malaria transmission in the Agbanto district of southern Benin. Despite the advantages brought by this activity to urban populations, measure must be taken to decentralise this agriculture to rural cities.
Author Keywords: malaria, transmission, vegetable farming, Agbanto, Benin.
Abstract: (french)
Dans le but de connaître l’impact de l’aménagement des périmètres maraîchers sur la transmission du paludisme, une étude a été réalisée au sud du Bénin dans le périmètre maraîcher de Agbanto, de juin – décembre 2015. Dans un premier temps, une enquête CAP (Connaissance, Attitude, Pratique) a été réalisée auprès des paysans afin de connaître les raisons qui sous tendent l’aménagement de plusieurs périmètres maraîchers dans cette commune. Dans un deuxième temps, des captures de moustiques sur appât humain ont été effectuées dans les habitations des zones périurbaines proches du site maraîcher choisi et dans les zones rurales loin de ce site à un rythme de 2 nuits consécutives par mois. Ces captures sur appât humain ont été complétées par des captures au pyrèthre effectuées à l’intérieur des maisons et ceci 2 fois par mois dans 10 habitations choisies également dans les même zones de capture. Enfin, les moustiques capturés ont été conservés individuellement pour la recherche de l’infection par la méthode de titrage immunoenzymatique (Elisa CSP) dans le but connaître les formes et espèces du complexe An. gambiae assurant la transmission du paludisme. Il ressort de ces travaux que : i) 24.449 moustiques de différentes espèces ont été collectées avec une population de Anopheles gambiae qui représentait 26% de la population ; ii) La transmission du paludisme est assurée par Anopheles gambiae s.s avec une forte incidence pendant les deux saisons pluvieuses (Juin - Juillet et Octobre - Novembre) et une déclinaison pendant la saison sèche (Aout-Septembre). ; iii) En saison sèche, le taux de piqûre par homme et par nuit et celui d’inoculation entomologique étaient significativement plus élevés dans les habitations proches des sites maraîchers que celles éloignées (p < 0.05.). Par contre, en saison pluvieuse, il n’existe aucune différence entre ces indices quelle que soit la zone de de capture (p > 0.05.). Cette étude montre que l’agriculture maraîchère contribue à la transmission du paludisme beaucoup plus dans les habitations proches des sites maraîchers que celles éloignées. Il urge donc que les autorités gouvernementales pensent à la délocalisation de cette agriculture des villes vers les zones rurales.
Author Keywords: Agriculture maraîchère, paludisme, transmission, Agbanto, Bénin.
How to Cite this Article
Anges Yadouleton, Akadiri YESSOUFOU, Ramziyath Agbanrin, Azim BISSIROU, Jacques Zola, Falilath SANOUSSI, Fabrice Ursins, and Martin AKOGBETO, “Impact of development of vegetable farming on the incidence of mosquito populations and malaria transmission at Agbanto, southern Benin,” International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 437–444, July 2016.
