[ Résistance phénotypique et enzymatique au sein des populations de Culex quinquefascitus dans la commune de Natitingou, Bénin ]
Volume 25, Issue 2, July 2016, Pages 424–436
Anges Yadouleton1, Akadiri YESSOUFOU2, Ramziyath Agbanrin3, Azim BISSIROU4, Falilath SANOUSSI5, Olaïtan Moustapha6, Carole SANNI7, Mensah Albane8, Achaz Agolinou9, Fabrice Ursins10, Jacques Zola11, and Martin AKOGBETO12
1 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
2 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
3 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
4 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
5 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
6 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
7 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
8 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
9 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
10 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
11 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
12 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
Original language: French
Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
For better management of the use of insecticide in public health against Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, a study was conducted at Natitingou, a town located in northern Benin, from October 2015 to March 2016, to evaluate the susceptible of this mosquito to insecticides and the mechanisms of resistance developed. The protocol was based on mosquito collection during both dry and rainy seasons across the four areas selected in northern Benin. Bioassays were performed on adult mosquitoes collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of filarial vectors to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. Moreover, mosquitoes from the susceptible tests were used to search for the presence of the knock down resistance (Kdr) and the Acethylcholinesterase (Ace-1R) mutations. Finally, F1 generation of the wild population of Cx. quinquefasciatus were used for biochemical analysis to target Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO), non-specific esterase (NSE) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) enzymes. This research showed: 1)- A wide spread of resistance to permethrin, delthamethrin and DDT was found in samples of Cx. quinquefasciatus despite the collection areas with 4%; 7% ; 19% and 60% as average of mortality respectively with DDT, permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb; 2)- The kdr mutation was detected in all areas at various frequencies (0.8 to 0.88) whereas the Ace-1 mutation was found at a very low frequency (≤ 5%); 3)- Enzymes activities (oxidase, esterase and glutathion-S-transferases) were detected in all mosquito populations despite the areas of collection. This work has highlighted the high resistance of Cx. quinquefascitus to the 3 classes of insecticides used in public health. Moreover, the high frequency of kdr and the presence of enzyme activity in Cx. quinquefasciatus will augment the existing data on the insecticide resistance of filariasis vectors and will be useful for making decision to control this mosquito.
Author Keywords: Resistance, Culex. quinquefascitus, Insecticides, Benin.
Volume 25, Issue 2, July 2016, Pages 424–436
Anges Yadouleton1, Akadiri YESSOUFOU2, Ramziyath Agbanrin3, Azim BISSIROU4, Falilath SANOUSSI5, Olaïtan Moustapha6, Carole SANNI7, Mensah Albane8, Achaz Agolinou9, Fabrice Ursins10, Jacques Zola11, and Martin AKOGBETO12
1 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
2 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
3 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
4 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
5 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin
6 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
7 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
8 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
9 Ecole Supérieure le FAUCON, Benin
10 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
11 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Benin
12 Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Benin
Original language: French
Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
For better management of the use of insecticide in public health against Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, a study was conducted at Natitingou, a town located in northern Benin, from October 2015 to March 2016, to evaluate the susceptible of this mosquito to insecticides and the mechanisms of resistance developed. The protocol was based on mosquito collection during both dry and rainy seasons across the four areas selected in northern Benin. Bioassays were performed on adult mosquitoes collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of filarial vectors to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. Moreover, mosquitoes from the susceptible tests were used to search for the presence of the knock down resistance (Kdr) and the Acethylcholinesterase (Ace-1R) mutations. Finally, F1 generation of the wild population of Cx. quinquefasciatus were used for biochemical analysis to target Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO), non-specific esterase (NSE) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) enzymes. This research showed: 1)- A wide spread of resistance to permethrin, delthamethrin and DDT was found in samples of Cx. quinquefasciatus despite the collection areas with 4%; 7% ; 19% and 60% as average of mortality respectively with DDT, permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb; 2)- The kdr mutation was detected in all areas at various frequencies (0.8 to 0.88) whereas the Ace-1 mutation was found at a very low frequency (≤ 5%); 3)- Enzymes activities (oxidase, esterase and glutathion-S-transferases) were detected in all mosquito populations despite the areas of collection. This work has highlighted the high resistance of Cx. quinquefascitus to the 3 classes of insecticides used in public health. Moreover, the high frequency of kdr and the presence of enzyme activity in Cx. quinquefasciatus will augment the existing data on the insecticide resistance of filariasis vectors and will be useful for making decision to control this mosquito.
Author Keywords: Resistance, Culex. quinquefascitus, Insecticides, Benin.
Abstract: (french)
Dans le but d’une gestion efficace de la résistance des vecteurs de la filariose vis-à-vis des insecticides, une étude a été conduite dans la commune de Natitingou située au Nord-Ouest du Bénin. Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer le niveau de résistance de Culex quinquefasciatus, principal vecteur de la filariose vis-à-vis des insecticides utilisées en santé publique d’une part, mais aussi de rechercher la résistance phénotypique et enzymatique au sein de ces populations de moustiques. Dans un premier temps, des collectes larvaires ont été organisées dans quatre zones (deux urbaines et deux rurales) où les femelles âgées de 2-5 jours ont été mises au contact des papiers de DDT (4%), de la perméthrine (0,75), de la deltaméthrine (0,05%) et du bendiocarb (0,1%). Dans un deuxième temps, les mécanismes de résistance phénotypiques (knock down resistance (Kdr) et celle de l’Acethylcholinestarse (Ace-1R)) ont été recherchées au sein des populations issues des tests de sensibilité. Enfin, nous avons recherché l’existence de la résistance enzymatique à partir de la F1 des populations de Cx. quinquefasciatus. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent : 1)- une résistance des populations de Cx. quinquefasciatus vis-à-vis du DDT, de la perméthrine, de la deltaméthrine et du bendiocarb avec un taux moyen de mortalité de 4% ; 7% et 19% et 60% respectivement ; 2)- les mutations Kdr et Ace-1R ont été retrouvées au sein des populations de Cx. quinquefasciatus, mais celle de Kdr semble être le principal mécanisme phénotypique avec des fréquences élevées (0.80 en moyenne) quelle que soit la zone de collecte ; 3)- la résistance enzymatique a été aussi retrouvée avec une forte expression des monooxygénase P450 et de la Glutathion-s-transférase au sein des populations de Cx. quinquefasciatus, quelle que soit la zone de collecte. Ce travail a permis de savoir que Cx. quinquefasciatus a développé une résistance vis-à-vis des organochlorés, des pyrethrinoïdes et des carbamates dans la commune de Natitingou. Aussi, les résultats de la résistance phénotypique et enzymatique permettront d’enrichir la base de données existantes sur la résistance des vecteurs de la filariose au Bénin et ceci pour une meilleure gestion de la résistance.
Author Keywords: Résistance, Anopheles gambiae, Insecticides, Bénin.
How to Cite this Article
Anges Yadouleton, Akadiri YESSOUFOU, Ramziyath Agbanrin, Azim BISSIROU, Falilath SANOUSSI, Olaïtan Moustapha, Carole SANNI, Mensah Albane, Achaz Agolinou, Fabrice Ursins, Jacques Zola, and Martin AKOGBETO, “Phenotypic and enzymatic resistance in Culex quinquefascistus from Natitingou, Benin,” International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 424–436, July 2016.
