This paper surveyed a class of Prospective Teachers reading a 13-week agricultural course in the Bachelor of Primary Education Degree at The University of Trinidad and Tobago, Centre for Education Programmes, Tobago Campus. Data were collected pre and post course delivery. The paper discusses the results of the respondents. Major findings include the preference for crops over animals and the desire of the student teachers to incorporate the concepts of container gardening and indigenous animal knowledge in their classrooms. The students’ knowledge of Tobago’s indigenous animals were better than comparative groups in other geographic regions. It was concluded that the home-based container gardening approach may be successfully used for continuity of agricultural practical training of prospective teachers during periods where access to face-to-face teaching and learning are restricted.

In this research work, the evaluation of the criteria, components or characteristics offered by the three main DBaaS providers in the cloud was carried out: Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services (AWS), in relation to the offer of Database as a service (DBaaS) for PostgreSQL, in order to determine which is the best DBaaS option for an information system with a database in the cloud; An information system with DBaaS is developed as a case study to support the research, where the use of a methodology based on research and technological development is proposed. The DBaaS criteria, components, or features that were evaluated were availability, security, capacity, quick elasticity, performance, support, and cost. It is concluded that Azure DBaaS for PostgreSQL through a flexible server is the most appropriate DBaaS provider for the case study developed.

The study is a contribution to the characterization of electro-facies and lithologic facies of fluvial systems in Ivorian Continental Terminal by analyzing gamma ray recordings and lithologic percentage data. The lithostratigraphy of the well was reconstructed using Strater software by a combined analysis of GR recordings and litho-granulometric data. The analyzes reveal nine litho-granulometric facies in this well and are mainly composed of coarse sands. These are medium clayey slity sands, coarse clayey slity sands, medium sands, coarse sands, medium gravelly sands, coarse gravelly sands, very coarse gravelly sands, gravels with coarse sands and kaolins. About the electro-facies, the analysis of log GR revealed 21 diagraphic facies (electro-facies) including 4 baselines, 5 lines of positive turns and 8 negative turns and 4 egg shapes. They have been identified in the lithologic facies. The deposit environment of BNC1 well formations is characterized by log shapes such as: cylindrical, funnel, bell and Serrated. These forms reflect fluvial environments such as braided channels and meandering channels (floodplain).

Drought is a complex natural phenomenon and does not have a precise definition. The frequency of this meteorological and climatic phenomenon has been intensifying in recent decades. It is the most serious natural risk for Morocco’s economy and its future given its harmful impacts. In this work, we study this phenomenon in the Tensift watershed using monthly rainfall series from three weather stations (Aghbalou, Chichaoua, Adamna), they represent the three parts of the basin (upstream, median and downstream). We use the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated on several time scales. This allowed us to characterize the fluctuations of this phenomenon, which has become more pronounced during the last decades. We also present the correlation that exists between the SPI values that characterize the amount of rainfall and drought with the North Atlantic Oscillation index as an explanatory factor of this rainfall variability in the region.

The increasing use of social media in recruitment processes has sparked growing interest in academic literature in recent years. This systematic literature review synthesizes and critically evaluates articles published in indexed journals between 2018 and 2022, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of social media on the recruitment process, identify key trends, challenges, and opportunities, and establish a foundation for future research, and theoretical and practical implications. Platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter have become indispensable tools in the screening and selection stages of recruitment, leading to a fundamental shift in how employers identify, engage, and hire potential candidates. However, concerns related to privacy, bias, accuracy of information, and ethical and legal challenges need to be addressed. To maximize the potential of social media while minimizing risks, further research is needed to develop best practices for employers, recruitment professionals, and social media platform providers.

Bambara groundnut is a food legume grown mainly by women. In Niger, this plant is mainly cultivated without improved techniques, while improving the production of this crop can contribute to ensuring food security. The objective of this work is to characterize twenty-nine accessions of Bambara groundnut cultivated in the Far West region of Niger to evaluate their agro-morphological diversity and selected the best accessions for yield. The study was carried out according to a randomized complete block design with four replications. Sixteen (16) characters, including four (4) phenological, four (4) morphological, and eight (8) related to yield, were evaluated to characterize the accessions. Descriptive statistical analysis showed coefficients of variation fluctuating between 2.80% and 40.46%. Significantly high values (CV˃20%) were observed for 8 of the 16 metric traits analyzed. The strongest correlations reflecting a high variability of the characters within the studied collection are obtained between the number of petioles and the number of leaves (r=0.99), the weight of seeds and the yield (r=0.99), pod weight and seed weight (r=0.97), pod weight and yield (r=0.97).The results revealed a great morphological diversity of the vegetative and yield characters allowing to group the accessions in three (3) groups of which the first one is composed of accessions performing in the characters related to the yield, the second one is composed of accessions performing in yield and seeds, and the third one gathers the accessions having similar phenological characters. Accessions Do 024 (782.60 kg/ha), Do 001 (732.51 kg/ha), Do 013 (688.33 kg/ha), and Do 016 (685.84 kg/ha), Do 019 (646, 02 kg/ha), Do 011 (623.16 kg/ha), Do 007 (623.00kg/ha), Do 036 (621.60 kg/ha) and Do 003 (605.42 kg/ha) produced the highest yields in kg/ha.

A growth performance test of Nile tilapia reared in concrete tanks with rabbit droppings was carried out at the aquaculture experimentation unit of the Higher Institute of Aquaculture Professions (ISMA) of the University of Kara in Togo over a period of 6 months. Three diets were used in this study; two of them were based on rabbit poop. A control diet which is a standard fish feed Raanan (L0), a diet consisting of a fair mixture of rabbit poop and Raanan (L1) and a diet consisting of raw rabbit poop (L2). A total of 270 Nile tilapia fry with an average weight of 1.6 ± 0.1 g were distributed in nine concrete 600 L tanks randomly arranged at a density of 30 fish per tank. The fish were fed 3 times a day at the rate of 10% to 3% of the biomass from the first to the sixth month of the experiment. Control fisheries for the various production parameters were carried out every two weeks, and food rations were readjusted according to the biomasses. At the end of this experiment, interesting results were obtained. The survival rate varied from 78.30 ± 5% to 97 ± 0.6%. The growth performance was significantly affected by the different diets. The average daily weight gain recorded varied from 0.6 ± 0.0 g / d to 1.2 ± 0.0 g / d. Regarding feed efficiency, the food conversion ratio varied from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 9.2 ± 0.2 with interesting performances on the diet composed of a fair mixture of rabbit poop and Raanan.

Agricultural practices in peri-urban areas are an important lever in the struggle against food insecurity and poverty in cities. Despite their great importance, the suburban agriculture lands are constantly threatened by the expansion of the cities in which they are located. The agricultural land that is developing on the outskirts of arrondissements 3 and 4 of the city of Bobo-Dioulasso is illustrative of this situation. Faced with a growing demand for housing space, these reserves of agricultural land are often transformed into housing areas, with enormous consequences. A prospective study carried out according to two scenarios has made it possible to characterise the future evolution of anthropic and natural formations around these two districts by 2029. The first simulation with socio-economic considerations led to a result according to which the conurbation will record an annual progression of 9% to the disadvantage of the surrounding formations. The second projection, based on a planning component, reveals a fairly stable evolution of all the land use units in districts 3 and 4 of the city.

The formations crossed by the forage belong to the Bushimay System. They are essentially made up from top to bottom of soft formations (loose) including Sands and Sandstones subject to frequent landslides and which require appropriate protection methods and hard formations including limestone with hard sub-horizontal layers. Two essential parameters make it possible to interpret the ground crossed in the forage: the nature of the cuttings and the speed of penetration of the forage tool. The nature of the cuttings relates to the description of the different geological formations.

The hydrogeological problems posed by the KANJIYA borehole are multiple. Kanjiya is a district located in the commune of Bipemba in the town of Mbujimayi. Although a network of 24 boreholes has been established in the town of Mbujimayi, the KANJIYA borehole has never been studied as a whole from a hydrogeological point of view. It was therefore necessary to categorise the water table, determine its hydrodynamic parameters and study its behaviour during pumping tests. The data was collected by lithological description of the cuttings taken every metre from the sediments traversed by the borehole (the rotary) with a planned depth of 117.60 meters. The data from the flow tests and the existing geological and hydrogeological knowledge allowed us to categorise the water table and its hydrodynamic parameters and to reconstruct the lithological successions of the hydrogeological units. It has been shown in this work that KANJIYA belongs to a zone of the Bushimay system and the vertical lithological section shows the succession: clayey sand, more or less soft sandstone, weathered limestone, hard limestone, hard limestone, fissured limestone, cavity and hard limestone. The water table is encountered in a fissured limestone at a depth of 84.50 meters; its behaviour during pumping tests shows that it is semi-captive. The hydrodynamic parameters are favourable for exploitation at a flow rate of over 80 m3 per hour. A low drawdown, a slow descent of the hydrostatic level and a rapid rise in the water table when pumping stops would explain the influence of a more altered and fissured aquifer.

This article deals with finite topological spaces. It shows that the set of all finite topologies on a finite set with n elements is the union of sets of partial topologies on X, where the number of elements in each set varies between 2 and 2n. The number of partial topologies with k elements on X is also determined, as well as the number of finite topologies on X using these results.

In the north of Côte d’Ivoire, the department of Korhogo has seen the development of recreational fishing in several of its localities for several years. However, there is no data on this activity in the statistics of the administrative structures for fisheries management. The same is true of scientific research. This article therefore proposes to provide the first data on the population of fishermen, the main actors in this activity. The study is based on a documentary analysis and a field survey based on a sample of 189 fishermen, interviewed at four sites. According to the results, the majority of fishermen are men (97.35%). Their average age is 50 years. They are mainly urban (92.52%) and live mainly (85.19%) in Korhogo, the main urban area of the department. The activity is also dominated by civil servants and private sector employees (41.27%).

Land is a natural support for agricultural, cultural and social production, which is essential for people living in rural areas. Access to this resource therefore becomes an imperative for survival. In the department of Lakota, for the past two decades, land has been the object of much covetousness, thereby attracting a large migratory flow oriented mainly towards the acquisition of cultivable plots. Thus, in rural areas, competition for access to land and its control intensifies and generates land conflicts in the social body. This study addresses one of the themes that preoccupies, at the national level, the Ivorian state authorities at the highest level: the preservation of land conflicts. The central concern is as follows: how can we preserve land conflicts in rural areas in a context where land remains an essential support for agricultural production so coveted by farmers ? The response to this problem required a methodology based on bibliographic research and field research with farmers, customary and administrative authorities. This approach aims in particular to analyze the determinants of the advent of land conflicts in the department of Lakota and their impact on social cohesion in rural areas. The results show that land conflicts in Lakota result, on the one hand, from the pressure of farmers (indigenous and migrant) on land resources in search of cultivable land, and on the other hand, from the different modes of land transfer and poor agricultural practices associated with it.

In late December 2019, the Covid-19 virus was discovered in Wuhan, China, and then spread to all parts of the world, until a global pandemic was declared on March 11, 2020. In addition to disrupting the health situation in Morocco, the Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all sectors from trade, agriculture, tourism to education, etc. On March 20, 2020, the Moroccan government forced entire regions of the kingdom into mandatory lockdown due to the rising number of coronavirus cases. National lockdown has forced Moroccan universities to move from face-to-face to online teaching. The objective of this contribution is to determine the extent to which higher education in Morocco successfully met the challenge of distance learning. In this regard, our research will focus on the analysis of Al Akhawayn University of Ifrane (AUI), as an example of distance learning, in Morocco, during the COVID-19 pandemic. AUI was chosen for the research because it is the only university in Morocco and Africa, to date, to be accredited for online education by the New England Commission for Higher Education (NECHE). Thus, the research will evaluate the methods used by AUI, including online e-learning platforms (MS Teams, Turnitin.com, Jenzabar, etc.), as well as flipped learning, as a method of academic success in the midst of a health crisis. The research is based on data collected through surveys of a number of AUI students.

This quantitative article aims to evaluate the influence of absenteeism on the performance of health care personnel in Chad. It is based on a sample of 399 subjects from the public service, civil servants, state contractuals and institutional contractuals, aged between 18 and 50 years, male and female, married, widowed, divorced or single. The data collection was done through a questionnaire and the structural equation analysis is the method used. The results show that absenteeism negatively influences the performance of health care personnel Chad.

Land use changes are mainly driven by human activities and climate change. Uncontrolled land use can alter surface runoff and affect several sectors of activity such as agriculture, hydropower, drinking water supply, sanitation, etc. The main objective of this study is to assess the influence of changes in land surface conditions on runoff in the Haut Bandama catchment. For this purpose, LANDSAT satellite images from 1990, 2006 and 2020 were used. These images were processed by the maximum likelihood supervised classification method under ENVI to establish the land use maps. Based on the past land use trends, a future prediction (2035 and 2050) is made using the Land Change Modeler. The diachronic analysis of the land use maps for the period 1990-2020 showed a decline in the area of forest and savannah patches, followed by that of water bodies. Conversely, the area of built-up and bare land as well as crops and fallow land is increasing. The same dynamics are predicted for the 2035 and 2050 horizons, where the savannah class dominates most of the net changes. The dynamics of the land surface condition has led to an increase in the runoff coefficient from 1990 to 2020 from 18.5% to 30.7% respectively. This evolution continues until 2050 with 34.5% in 2035 and 36.4% in 2050.

Agricultural practices must adapt to meet environmental, climatic, food, social and economic challenges. Agriculture must move towards new forms of resources that improve productivity and protect the environment. This study will highlight the fertilizing potential of termite mounds and anthill. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the termite and ant farm soils were carried out. These soils are of silty type. The average content of assimilable phosphorus is higher in the ant farm soils than in the termite farm soils. The termite mound soils have a good biological activity compared to the ant farm soils. The physico-chemical nature of the analyzed soils has an influence on the spore density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. This density is highest in the anthill soil. However, it did not have a significant effect on the nodulation of cowpea plants. As Rhizobiums, 6 morphotypes were identified, 4 were present in the termite mound soil and 2 in the anthill soil. The termite mound and ant farm soils could be used to improve the chemical and biological composition of soils and contribute to fertility restoration.

This paper examines the ecological and environmental determinants of international migration and internal displacement of artisanal fishers in Saint-Louis, Senegal. The results obtained support the idea that climate change, by inducing warming, ocean acidification and disruption of the reproductive cycles of fish species, has contributed to the scarcity of these species and the impoverishment of artisanal fishermen in Saint-Louis. To adapt and without abandoning the traditional fishing activity, some fishermen emigrate to neighboring countries such as Mauritania and Gambia where they hope for a more profitable fishery, while others, displaced to resettlement sites such as Djougop because of coastal erosion, opt for illegal emigration to Spain despite the Covid-19 pandemic that is raging in the world. If this option does not scare the artisanal fisherman who is used to long sea crossings, it makes sense in the quest for a home and a socio-professional «comfort» torn by the nibbling swells.

Azagny National Park, is only coastal park in Côte d’Ivoire classified a zone RAMSAR. However, It is subject to strong degradation. The most common causes are peripheral agriculture, harverting of non-timber and wood forest products. All these factors lead to the increase of tracks, and therefore of ruderal areas, which facilitate the establishment, abundance and proliferation of invasive plants. These species are among the greatest threats to the integrity of protected areas and their struggle is a challenge. It is therefore necessary at first to know the ruderal flora of the park which is hitherto little known, to determine the invasive plants present in the park. The general objective of this study to improve knowledge of the flora and vegetation of the ruderal areas of Azagny national park. To achieve this objective, floristic inventory was carried in 92 plots of 50 m2 (5m x 10m) equidistant from 300m. The plant species were inventoried taking into account their abundance-dominance. The flora contains 150 species. 18 species with a particular status were inventoried. Ruderal areas of the park are home 15 invasive plants, including ten proven invasive plants, four potential ivasive plants and one species to monitor. Phytosociological study identified three plant groups including one of which were colonized by invasive plants. It is necessary to put in place a strategy and an action plan for these invasive plants in order to avoid the possible evolution in this forest heritage.

Goma is a millionaire city in eastern DRC facing natural and technological disasters. There is reason to say that its inhabitants live with fear in their stomachs despite their conservative spirit. Yet a strategic city since its creation, located between the Nyiragongo volcano in the north and Lake Kivu in the south with real constraints to its growth, the city also knows an urban anarchy because the rules of the art would be violated by a certain category of city-dwellers in certain places, such as on the shore of Lake Kivu, which moreover constitutes a zone of servitude. After confronting the reality on the ground with the regulations in terms of construction or town planning, it turned out that the urban habitat erected along the lake results from an urban anarchy legalized by the technical service in complicity with the other land actors on a high-risk area of tectonic origin capable of causing enormous damage such as the loss of human lives and material in the event of a tsunami. In view of this situation, the green belt, that is to say, revegetation was chosen as a new strategy for anticipating the danger of natural disaster.