This paper aimed at assessing factors affecting human resource succession planning in Tanzania public and private organizations. The study aimed at finding answers to the following four objectives ;assessment of extent of human resources succession planning activities in Tanzania's work organizations; examining of the challenges facing human resources succession planning in the Tanzania work organizations; assessment of the positive factors influencing human resources succession planning in Tanzania work organizations; and looking at strategies used for enhancing the application of human resource succession planning in Tanzania work organizations. The study employed a sample of 60 respondents upon whom questionnaire, key informants, focus group discussions (FGDs) as well as documentary reviews were administered. Random, clustered and stratified sampling techniques were used to build a viable sample from the target population. The data collected were analyzed through excel and SPSS tools. Study findings indicate that majority of the respondents did not have knowledge on the concept of human resource succession planning and how it works in their organizations. Few organizations surveyed conducted succession planning but how effective and regularly done in the organizations remained questionable. Conclusively, the study findings both showed and recommended that human resource succession planning played an important role for the organization development and therefore ,driven by top management commitment and consistent purposive continuous training programs ,attracting and recruiting potentially capable employees, Effective strategic leadership, management development and improving budget were among the strategies identified to be suitable for enhancing effective human resource succession planning in the surveyed organizations.

This paper aimed at ascertaining and examining the contribution of micro-credit institutions to women poverty alleviation and the following specific objectives formed important part of this study; to identify the factors attracting women to join credit services, to examine conditions used by micro-credit institutions in financing women credit borrowers, to examine the effects of credit to women borrowers in poverty alleviation, to identify the challenges facing women credit borrowers in acquiring credit and finally to identify the strategies taken to overcome challenges facing women credit borrowers in acquiring credits. The target population for this study was women credit borrowers. The study constituted a sample size of 40 respondents obtained through probability and non probability sampling. Case study design approach was employed during study. Questionnaires, interview, focus group discussion, documentary review and observations were used during data collection. The study findings showed that micro-credit institutions have great impacts and contributed to improve standard of living of many women credit borrowers and poverty alleviation at household level. The conditions, procedures, and terms used by micro credit institutions in providing credits to women credit borrowers hinder the micro- credit initiative to serve as an essential strategy for poverty alleviation. This paper concludes and recommends that despite of prevailing large number of micro credit institutions and organizations that provide financial assistance to women in poverty alleviation still difficult loan conditions like collateral, unfriendly repayment schedules, higher interest rates continue to hinder and limit participation of many women.

This paper identified and assessed factors responsible for failure in the public schools in the year 2013. The findings confirm that during the past five years, Tanzania has experienced alarming student failure rates in the public schools in particular. This paper revealed that most of the public schools have acute shortages of text books as well as laboratory equipment, incompetent and unmotivated teachers and also heavily lacking sound learning infrastructure. This study, due to financial and time constraints, adopted a case study design to strengthen investigation and therefore chose to use kinondoni district. A sample of 50 respondents was drawn and created by the use of both simple random sampling (to obtain 30 students), and purposive sampling (to get 10 parents/households, 5 head teachers, and 5 disctrict edication officers). Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and review of existing education reports were employed to collect data. Data analysis was done through excel software. The study concludes and recommends the government should improve work environment by attractive salaries, better treatment of teachers, and provision of sound learning equipment and infrastructure, total subsidisation of the public schools education service delivery and ensuring effective management of this vital sector to the socio-economic development of this nation.