Volume 10, Issue 2, October 2014, Pages 425–429
Imran Taj1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa3, Ferhat Abbas4, Shakeel Babar5, and Taj Muhammad Hassani6
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology UoB, Balochistan, Pakistan
2 Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
3 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, UoB Balochistan, Pakistan
4 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, UoB Balochistan, Pakistan
5 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, UoB Balochistan, Pakistan
6 Food and Agriculture Organization, Balochistan, Pakistan
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The study results showed that due to advent of market economy the resource system changed from range based livestock production and rain fed agriculture to irrigated mode of agriculture supported by tube well/dug well and sedentary and household level livestock production systems. This triggered changes in the settlement pattern in human communities from nomadic and transhumant to resident communities. With this change in the settlement pattern, the earlier prevalent joint family system gave way to the extended family system. Similarly the human behavior also changed with increasing territoriality, weakening of social bonds and communication, lowering levels of altruism and a multiplier effect reflected in the adoption of new innovation. These changes also brought about alterations in the physical environment i.e. natural resources being used in the resources system. Rangelands of the area, previously protected/managed for community livestock use assumed the role of open to grazing areas and were invaded by herders/nomads from outside. Livestock of nomads grazing the rangelands brought with them new ecto/endo parasites which not only infected the local livestock populations but were also source of pollution in the water. Rangelands also showed signs of deterioration due to overstocking and heavy/overgrazing. Based upon study results it is recommended that introduction of new resource process in a stable resource system needs careful thinking so that not only the human – environment relationship could be maintained in a harmonious manner but also support the existing social order.
Author Keywords: Livestock, System, Natural, Environment, Barkhan.
Imran Taj1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa3, Ferhat Abbas4, Shakeel Babar5, and Taj Muhammad Hassani6
1 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology UoB, Balochistan, Pakistan
2 Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
3 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, UoB Balochistan, Pakistan
4 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, UoB Balochistan, Pakistan
5 Centre for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, UoB Balochistan, Pakistan
6 Food and Agriculture Organization, Balochistan, Pakistan
Original language: English
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The study results showed that due to advent of market economy the resource system changed from range based livestock production and rain fed agriculture to irrigated mode of agriculture supported by tube well/dug well and sedentary and household level livestock production systems. This triggered changes in the settlement pattern in human communities from nomadic and transhumant to resident communities. With this change in the settlement pattern, the earlier prevalent joint family system gave way to the extended family system. Similarly the human behavior also changed with increasing territoriality, weakening of social bonds and communication, lowering levels of altruism and a multiplier effect reflected in the adoption of new innovation. These changes also brought about alterations in the physical environment i.e. natural resources being used in the resources system. Rangelands of the area, previously protected/managed for community livestock use assumed the role of open to grazing areas and were invaded by herders/nomads from outside. Livestock of nomads grazing the rangelands brought with them new ecto/endo parasites which not only infected the local livestock populations but were also source of pollution in the water. Rangelands also showed signs of deterioration due to overstocking and heavy/overgrazing. Based upon study results it is recommended that introduction of new resource process in a stable resource system needs careful thinking so that not only the human – environment relationship could be maintained in a harmonious manner but also support the existing social order.
Author Keywords: Livestock, System, Natural, Environment, Barkhan.
How to Cite this Article
Imran Taj, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa, Ferhat Abbas, Shakeel Babar, and Taj Muhammad Hassani, “THE EFFECT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF DISTRICT BARKHAN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN,” International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 425–429, October 2014.
