The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between pollen rain, climatic parameters and surface sediments in the Sudano-Guinean zone. Pollen rain was evaluated from the pollen analysis of 30 samples of surface sediments treated by the method of Faegri and Iversen (1989). The sediments were subjected to treatment with Hcl 10%, HF 10% and acetolysis. The floristic inventory was carried out on 500 m2 plots in the Zou, Bassila and South Borgou phytodistricts in the Sudano-Guinean zone. A total of 30 surveys were obtained and submitted to the R software (R Core Team, 2019) for the various analyses. The climatic factors listed are temperature, rainfall and altitude. Pollen analysis identified a total of 271 taxa. The phytodistrict of Zou has the highest pollen richness (97 taxa) while the lowest is found in Bassila (60 taxa). Shannon's diversity index is between 3 and 4 and Piélou's equitability index is between 0.596 and 0.632. The results obtained on the relationship between pollen diversity, climatic parameters and soil characteristics in the Sudano-Guinean zone in Benin, allow us to affirm that soil texture and structure, climatic parameters such as altitude and average temperature condition the deposition and conservation of pollen and positively influence the pollen abundance in surface sediments.