Introduction: For thousands of years humanity has been struck by epidemics, scourges. Schools determine in part the health and well-being of children by providing them with a healthy or unhealthy environment. In South Kivu, the population is confronted with insufficient drinking water, inadequate sanitation facilities, including public latrines, garbage cans, public dumps. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study involving 401 respondents including 384 students and 17 heads of schools. Data collection was done using the survey questionnaire and an interview guide. The data analyses were done with SPSS v23 software. Results: The level of hygiene and sanitation practice is low (46.4%). This would be significantly associated with lack of access to water in schools, insufficient handwashing kits, non-drinkability of water used at school, absence of garbage cans and health days, non-washing of hands with soap before consuming food, non-participation in cleaning and maintenance, absence or poor quality of urinals in some schools, the non-separation of latrines for girls and boys, ignorance of the dangers of lack of hygiene and basic sanitation at school, poor construction of latrines, and non-washing of hands with soap after toilet (p<0.05). Conclusion: The practice of hygiene and sanitation remains weak and this must involve a collective awareness to find life-saving solutions in the training schools of executives.